Summary: The article introduced to use construction of system of pilot of the frequency conversion in the main shaft drive of numerical control lathe and operation pattern, elaborated the fundamental application of the vector transducer that does not have speed sensor. After the transducer that does not have speed sensor through using 3G3RX, reach the following and distinct advantage: Reduce substantially uphold charge, the; that is maintenance-free even can realize the driving pitching moment output below efficient cut and low speed of higher implementation of treatment precision; and high speed circumstance. Keyword: Lathe of numerical control of vector control transducer the typical product that lathe of 1 introductive numerical control is Electromechanical unifinication, it is collect machine tool, computer, electric machinery reachs his to procrastinate move, automata, detect the automation equipment that waits for a technology to be a suit. Among them a main shaft motion is numerical control lathe serious content, in order to finish cutting job, the dynamic that its motivation occupies whole platform lathe about 70% ～ 80% . The technical level of numerical control machine tool relies on the function of feed and system of main shaft transmission, to main shaft drive, basically have undermentioned demand: (1) of the top rotate speed that timing scope wants R of wide timing scope is main shaft electromotor and lowermost rotate speed than, namely R=nmax/nmin. Be opposite to get used to different spare parts and different treatment technique the requirement of main shaft parameter, the system of main shaft transmission of numerical control machine tool should realize timing inside very wide range. (2) big torsion outputs treatment of cutting of numerical control machine tool when low speed, measure for big cutting when general low speed (cutting deepness and width) , when asking system of main shaft transmission moves in low speed, want to have big output torsion. (3) speed and power rise ceaselessly as productivity rise ceaselessly, the improvement of machine tool structure, the amplification of size range of pipe bent, the speed of main shaft of requirement machine tool and power also rise ceaselessly, the amplification with the rotate speed ceaseless also limits of main shaft, the scope of constant power timing of main shaft is bigger, the main shaft that changes a knife automatically stops a function to wait definitely. The article introduced to use construction of system of pilot of the frequency conversion in the main shaft drive of numerical control lathe and operation pattern, elaborated the fundamental application of transducer of ohmic dragon 3G3RX. The construction of system of frequency conversion of main shaft of lathe of 2 numerical control and operation pattern (1) the control principle of main shaft transducer pursues the main control of main shaft of lathe of numerical control of block diagram of principle of drive of main shaft of 1 communication frequency conversion is main shaft, invert and stop, shift gear automatically at the same time and stepless speed regulation. Be in numerical control lathe is at present medium, main shaft control equipment is to use communication transducer to control electromotor of communication main shaft normally. Its job principle is as follows: Talk by asynchronous report mechanism knowable, the rotate speed formula of main shaft electric machinery is: N=60f/p × (1-s) ｛ among them P, of electromotor extremely logarithm, s, turn poor rate, f- the frequency of power supply source, the of rotate speed ｝ of N- electromotor from on type can see, electric machinery rotate speed and frequency become direct ratio approximately, change frequency adjusts smoothly namely electric machinery rotate speed, and to transducer, the adjusting range of its frequency is very wide, can be in 0 ～ 400Hz (more high frequency even rate) between random adjustment, because rotate speed of electric machinery of this main shaft can be namely inside wider range,adjust. Of course, after rotate speed rises, return the impact that should consider to its bearing reachs winding, prevent electric machinery to wear away overly reach overheat, can adopt set commonly highest frequency will have limit. (2) means graph shows pilot of frequency conversion of main shaft of numerical control lathe 2 times to be in for transducer the application of numerical control lathe, among them the connection of transducer and numerical control device includes normally: (1) numerical control device turns to the positive and negative of transducer signal; (2) numerical control device arrives the speed of transducer or frequency signal; (3) transducer arrives the condition signal such as the breakdown of numerical control device. Because this is all,feedback to all can undertake in numerical control face plate process designing is mixed about be being mixed to the operation of transducer show. Graph the 2 transducer application on numerical control lathe Nextpage pursues 3 be China in the specific hookup of HNC-21 and main shaft transducer, HNC-21 measures output through the imitate in interface of XS9 main shaft controallable main shaft rotate speed, the output range that estimates when main shaft imitate is - 10V ～ + 10V, use at bipolar driving unit of main shaft of speed instruction input or transducer, use at this moment make can of signal control main shaft open, stop. The output range that estimates when main shaft imitate is 0 ～ + 10V, with the main shaft driving unit that inputs at instruction of odd polarity speed or transducer, use main shaft to turning at this moment, main shaft inverts of signal control main shaft, invert. The number that the value of imitate voltage sends corresponding interface by user PLC program measures a decision. Graph the hookup of device of 3 numerical control and main shaft transducer (3) the numerical control lathe that pilot system makes main shaft frequency conversion do not use transducer to have gearshift drive uses time controller to affirm electric machinery rotate speed arrives at instruction speed to begin feed commonly, and after use transducer, the machine tool can press command signal feed, improved efficiency so. If be added,workpiece submits a plan 4 (1) what show figure, be pleasant to the eye by the graph piece, corresponding the AB at workpiece paragraph, main shaft speed is maintained in 1000RPM, corresponding at BC paragraph, electric machinery procrastinates move main shaft to become shift of constant linear velocity, but rotate speed is connection change however, realize high accuracy cutting thereby. Graph system of transducer of 4 main shaft forms signal to be in this system, of speed signal delivering is to pass HNC-21 of numerical control device to give a passageway to the imitate of transducer (voltage or electric current) , output the setting of characteristic curve about inputting the input of signal and set frequency through transducer interior, numerical control device can go to the lavatory and free land controls the rate of main shaft. This character curve must cover voltage / voltaic signal, / counteractive, odd / bipolar different configuration, inverting in order to satisfy numerical control lathe quickly, the requirement of cutting of free timing, gearshift. The of main shaft application of transducer of Nextpage3 transducer 3G3RX (1) the basic type selecting of main shaft transducer is current a kind of relatively simple transducer is V/F control (abbreviation scalar quantity is controlled) , it is device of mode of a kind of voltage happening, to frequency modulation process medium voltage undertakes mode adjusts given change, common wired sex V/F is controlled (with Yu Heng torsion) control with square V/F (with Yu Feng machine water pump changes torsion) . Weakness of scalar quantity pilot depends on low frequency torsion insufficient (need torsion promotes) , rate stability is bad (timing scope 1: 10) , because this is in use process of frequency conversion of lathe main shaft,be washed out stage by stage, and vector pilot transducer is undertaking popularizing stage by stage. Alleged vector is controlled, the commonnest tell, reach very high control performance to make squirrel-cage asynchronous machine has excellent moving performance in that way like dc machine, the size that exports electricity through controlling transducer, frequency and its are phasic, in order to maintains the magnetic flux of electric machinery interior to be set value, produce the torsion of a need. Vector control is controlled at scalar quantity relatively and character, its advantage has: (1) control character is very good, can the armature electric current of dc machine adds excitation voltaic adjustment photograph rivals; (2) the circumstance; that can get used to requirement high speed to answer (3) timing scope is big (1: 100) ; (4) can undertake torsion is controlled. Be controlled at scalar quantity relatively of course and character, vector pilot structure loaded down with trivial details of complex, computation, and the parameter that must put lay aside and frequent ground to use motor. Vector control cent is mixed without speed sensor have speed sensor two kinds of means, distinction depends on latter having higher rate to control precision (extremely) , and former for 5 millesimals, but the control function of the vector transducer that does not have speed sensor in numerical control lathe has accorded with control to ask, so here is recommended and the introduction does not have the vector transducer of speed sensor. (2) the vector transducer that does not have speed sensor without the vector transducer of speed sensor includes ohmic dragon, Xi Menzi, Aimosheng, Toshiba, day to stand at present, the LG, manufacturer such as Sen Lan, sum up the characteristic of respective product, they have the following characteristic: (1) automatic argue knows electric machinery parameter and the hand moves an input to combine; (2) overload capability is strong, be like electric current of 50% rated output 2 minutes, electric current of 180% rated output 10 seconds; (3) torsion of low frequency high output, like 150% rated torsion / 1HZ; (4) all sorts of protection are complete (common ground is told, it is module of not easy flee in terrorfry in deep fat or oil) . Without the vector of speed sensor control transducer improved torsion pilot character not only, and the speed that improved the not specific environment in the light of all sorts of laden change generation to fall can charge a sex. The graph is shown 5 times, be in without product of speed sensor transducer for 3G3RX low frequency and normal frequency paragraph the torsion when checks data (electric machinery is 5. 5KW/4 extremely) . From the graph 5 in knowable, its can produce powerful torsion likewise when low speed limits. In the experiment, we measure the arrow of 2HZ frequency conversion control and V/F control frequency conversion to undertake comparative discovering likewise, former have more powerful output moment of force, cutting force almost with normal frequency paragraph (be like 30HZ or 50HZ) identical. Graph the 5 torsion character that do not have sensor vector transducer (3) the electric machinery parameter in control of main shaft frequency conversion is adjusted to ensure main shaft transducer is in cutting process can be normal move, should undertake according to issueing the requirement in the watch timely adjust. Parameter of main shaft transducer adjusts a project to express 4 last words the main shaft electric machinery to numerical control lathe, the frequency control that used 3G3RX not to have speed sensor implement after vector is controlled, have the following and distinct advantage: Reduce substantially uphold charge, the; that is maintenance-free even can realize the driving pitching moment output below efficient cut and low speed of higher implementation of treatment precision; and high speed circumstance. CNC Milling
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